![]() ![]() The challenge of controlling AI systems lies in their ability to learn and adapt to changing situations rapidly. This is known as the ‘reward hacking’ problem, where AI systems optimize for the wrong objectives, leading to accidents. As Stuart Russell highlights in his book “Human Compatible: Artificial Intelligence and the Problem of Control,” “The difficulty of specifying the right objective is compounded by the fact that machine learning systems can exploit artifacts of the training data that have no real-world significance.” Russell argues that AI systems can learn to exploit loopholes and shortcuts to achieve their objectives, which can lead to unintended consequences. The problem of AI accidents resulting from increased complexity is not just limited to the lack of transparency. However, the very nature of AI being a “black box” to most humans signifies its immense complexity and therefore makes it almost certain it will result in unintended consequences or accidents. AI systems are designed to learn, adapt and occasionally make decisions on their own, without any human intervention. The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has added a new layer of complexity to our lives. The reason for this is that complex systems have more points of failure, and any failure in one component can have a cascading effect on the entire system. The concept of accidents resulting from increased complexity is not new, and it has been studied in depth by Charles Perrow in his book “Normal Accidents: Living with high-risk technologies.” Perrow argues that the more complex a system becomes, the more prone it is to accidents. However, increased complexity often comes with the price of increased likelyhood of accidents. And the internet, a complex web of interconnected systems, has brought people closer together and transformed the way we access information and communicate. ![]() ![]() Similarly, airlines have built complex and intricate networks that connect people and places around the world, making travel easier and more accessible. For instance, the e-commerce giant Amazon has created a complex and sophisticated logistics system that allows for speedy and efficient delivery of products to millions of customers worldwide. One way we have achieved this is through the creation of complex systems and technologies that have revolutionized the way we live, work and communicate. Throughout human history, we have been driven by the desire to enhance and improve our lives. ![]()
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